Tuesday, July 3, 2007

The Richter Scale





A picture of a tsunami sweeping over a coast


Do you remember the Sumatran earthquake that gave rise to a giant tidal wave or a tsunami that swept over the coasts of the Indian ocean back in December 2004? The massive earthquake was recorded at 9.1 on the Richter scale according to a US seismologic station. In comparison, the earthquake that destroyed San Francisco in 1906 has the magnitude of 8.3 on the Richter scale. In this posting I would not like to bring you to look into the earthquakes since I'm not a geologist nor a seismologist, but I would like you to compare the magnitudes between two earthquakes.


Ok. Now let's go back to the Sumatran earthquake that has the magnitude of 9.1 on the Richter scale, how powerful is it in comparison with an earthquake that has a magnitude of 2 (of the Richter scale, of course!)? Let's round off the figure 9.1 to 9 to make it simpler, how much more powerful is it than the one meausring 2? Does it give you 4.5 times? The right answer is 10,000,000 times !!! How can I come up with such 'horrid' answer? This is how the calculation goes:


First of all, you have to know that the Richter scale (named after a US seismologist, Charles Richter) is a logarithmic scale and not an arithmetic scale. Since it is a logarithmic scale, the correct way to calculate the comparison between two earthquakes is like this:


The Sumatran earthquake is on 9 as I mentioned it above, then bring the figure 9 to power figure 10, thus it gives you 1,000,000,000 (10 powered by 9 or 109). The other earthquake is on 2, and let's bring the figure to power figure 10 as well, thus it gives you 100 (10 powered by 2 or 102). From those two new figures above (1,000,000,000 and 100) we can figure out how stronger is the Sumatran quake than the one on the scale 2! It gives the result 10,000,000 or 107(1,000,000,000 divided by 100)! Thus, the Sumatran quake is 10 million times stronger than the one measuring 2! From here, we can also compare between the magnitude of the Sumatran quake and the one of San Fransisco quake in 1906. After rounding off the exact magnitude of the San Fransisco quake to 8, we can figure out that the Sumatran quake is about 10 times stronger than that of the Frisco quake! Easy! isn't it?


(Yari NK)

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